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The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle.At this location, the glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) lining bowman’s capsule abruptly transition to proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs).
A brush border (striated border or brush border membrane) is the microvillus-covered surface of simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium found in different parts of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their length varies from approximately 100 to 2,000 nanometers.
The components of the renal tubule are: Proximal convoluted tubule: lies in the cortex and is lined by 'simple cuboidal epithelium with brush borders' which greatly increase surface area for absorption. Loop of Henle: lies in the medulla and is U-shaped (similar to a hair-pin) Descending limb of loop of Henle: one segment of equal thickness
This illustration demonstrates the normal kidney physiology, including the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT). It also includes illustrations showing where some types of diuretics act, and what they do. Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney.
The epithelium in the thick segment of the descending limb consists of low simple cuboidal cells, which resemble those found in the proximal tubule.In contrast, the epithelium transitions to a simple squamous type in the thin segment, which is less metabolically active and has minimal surface specializations.
Renal corpuscles are composed of 4 cell types: fenestrated endothelium, mesangial cells, podocytes and parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule. [101] At least 16 different cell types make up the renal tubules. [102] The tubules themselves are divided into at least 14 segments, [102] which differ in cell types and functions. [103]
The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.The collecting duct participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).
The transport of glucose across the proximal tubule cell membrane involves a complex process of secondary active transport (also known as co-transport). [3] This process begins with the Na + /K + ATPase on the basolateral membrane. This enzyme uses ATP to pump 3 sodium ions out of the cell into the blood while bringing 2 potassium ions into the ...