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Chemicals include methods such as lipofection, which is a lipid-mediated DNA-transfection process utilizing liposome vectors. It can also include the use of polymeric gene carriers (polyplexes). [6] Biological transfection is typically mediated by viruses, utilizing the ability of a virus to inject its DNA inside a host cell. A gene that is ...
Lipofectamine or Lipofectamine 2000 is a common transfection reagent, produced and sold by Invitrogen, used in molecular and cellular biology. [1] It is used to increase the transfection efficiency of RNA (including mRNA and siRNA) or plasmid DNA into in vitro cell cultures by lipofection. [1]
In the context of hematological cancers, Val-ILs have the potential to be used as a precise and effective therapy based on targeted vesicle-mediated cell death. [28] The use of liposomes for transformation or transfection of DNA into a host cell is known as lipofection.
Liposome-encapsulated mRNA encoding a viral antigen was shown in 1993 to stimulate T cells in mice. [24] [25] The following year self-amplifying mRNA was developed by including both a viral antigen and replicase encoding gene. [24] [26] The method was used in mice to elicit both a humoral and cellular immune response against a viral pathogen. [24]
This process bypasses the endosomal-lysosomal route, which leads to the degradation of anionic liposome formulations. [13] Cationic liposomes in the lamellar phase deliver nucleic acids through endocytosis, specifically clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME), and macropinocytosis. [3]
How vectors work to transfer genetic material. Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
Transfection is the process of introducing exogenous DNA into eukaryotic cells. [12] It is a more specific term for animal cells, as the process of carcinogenesis in these cells is also included in the definition of transformation. Typically, transfection describes the changes in a cell's genome due to the introduction of foreign DNA. [4]
Philip Louis Felgner (born 7 February 1950) is an American biochemist and immunologist, specialized in lipofection technology and genetics. [1] He is one of the developers of the vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19 pandemic.