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In ancient Sparta, cults for women reflected Spartan society's emphasis on the women's roles as child-bearers and raisers. Consequently, cults focused on fertility, women's health, and beauty. [ 57 ] The cult of Eileithyia , the goddess of childbirth, was an important cult for Spartan women. [ 57 ]
Spartan women, unlike their Athenian counterparts, received a formal education that was supervised and controlled by the state. [43] Much of the public schooling received by the Spartan women revolved around physical education. Until about the age of eighteen women were taught to run, wrestle, throw a discus, and also to throw javelins. [44]
A 19th-century artistic representation of Spartan boys exercising while young girls taunt them.. The agoge (Ancient Greek: ἀγωγή, romanized: ágōgḗ in Attic Greek, or ἀγωγά, ágōgá in Doric Greek) was the training program pre-requisite for Spartiate (citizen) status.
Plato, in the middle of the fourth century, described women's curriculum in Sparta as consisting of gymnastics and mousike (music and arts). Plato praised Spartan women's ability when it came to philosophical discussion. [153] Most importantly, Spartan women had economic power because they controlled their own properties, and those of their ...
All women, including slaves, were protected. Gortyn women, like Spartan women, were able to enter into legal agreements and appear before the court. They were able to own property without male co-ownership or permission. Husband and wife had equal right to divorce. A free, divorced woman could throw her child into the river.
However, women from elite families sometimes received an education that included literature and rhetoric, preparing them for roles in managing estates or participating in intellectual life. The role of education in improving the social and legal status of women in Roman society is a topic of ongoing scholarly interest. [14]
Spartan women such as Gorgo were ultimately expected to produce strong Spartan offspring, and to that end, partook in a physical-education curriculum similar to their male peers. [8] As part of this curriculum, Gorgo would have learned sports such as running, discus and javelin throwing, and wrestling. [ 9 ]
Cynisca Cycling is a U.S. registered women's professional cycling team named after the Spartan princess. [25] Kyniska Advocacy is a UK organization fostering a safe environment for women in sports. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] Kyniska Hoops is an AAU girls' basketball club, also playing in the girls' U.S. Junior National basketball tournament.