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However, very high elevations of the transaminases suggests severe liver damage, such as viral hepatitis, liver injury from lack of blood flow, or injury from drugs or toxins. Most disease processes cause ALT to rise higher than AST; AST levels double or triple that of ALT are consistent with alcoholic liver disease. [citation needed]
When elevated ALT levels are found in the blood, the possible underlying causes can be further narrowed down by measuring other enzymes. For example, elevated ALT levels due to hepatocyte damage can be distinguished from bile duct problems by measuring alkaline phosphatase.
When ALT rises to more than 500 IU/L, causes are usually from the liver. It can be due to hepatitis, ischemic liver injury, and toxins that causes liver damage. The ALT levels in hepatitis C rises more than in hepatitis A and B. Persistent ALT elevation more than 6 months is known as chronic hepatitis.
The proportion of AST to ALT in hepatocytes is about 2.5:1, but because AST is removed from serum by the liver sinusoidal cells twice as quickly (serum half-life t 1/2 = 18 hr) compared to ALT (t 1/2 = 36 hr), so the resulting serum levels of AST and ALT are about equal in healthy individuals, resulting in a normal AST/ALT ratio around 1.
Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis and steatotic liver disease (SLD), is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. [1] Often there are no or few symptoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Occasionally there may be tiredness or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen . [ 1 ]
People with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing high cholesterol, which is a risk factor for heart disease. Traditionally, a high carbohydrate and low fat diet was considered best ...
The lowest group had a mean level of 20±6 U/mL, the highest had a mean of 161±96 U/mL of IgM anti-PC. ... 69 developed ischemic heart disease, 44 had heart attacks, and 50 had ischemic strokes ...
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), [a] is a type of chronic liver disease. This condition is diagnosed when there is excessive fat build-up in the liver ( hepatic steatosis ), and at least one metabolic risk factor.