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All officials wear a whistle that is used to stop play as a result of a foul or a violation on the court. Hand signals are used to indicate the nature of the infraction or to administer the game. In higher levels of college and professional basketball, officials wear a timing device on the belt-line called PTS (Precision Timing System).
Frank Earl Birch (November 11, 1883) was a college football and basketball referee [1] who first introduced signals. [2] [3] In 1920, he passed out cards to coaches and the press with a code of twelve gestures. [4] [5] He was a graduate of Earlham College. [6] He married Margaret Johnson. [7] He was also once mayor of Sterling, Illinois. [8]
Three signals indicate when the time to shoot has expired: A value of 0.0 on the shot clock itself; An audible horn distinct from the scoreboard operator's signal for end of period and substitutions; A yellow strip of lights on the backboard. The NBA (since 2011) and FIBA (since July 2018) require this.
Pages in category "College men's basketball referees in the United States" The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
Under all basketball rule sets, a team attempting to throw a ball in-bounds has five seconds to release the ball towards the court. [1] The five second clock starts when the team throwing it in has possession of the ball (usually bounced or handed to a player while out of bounds by the official).
The referee signals unsportsmanlike conduct by holding his arms outstretched with palms facing downward. Coaches can also receive an unsportsmanlike-conduct penalty for taunting, arguing with, or abusing officials, one of the few times a coach's actions can be penalized outside of the rare palpably unfair act penalty; however, unlike the ...
Theodore Valentine [1] (born circa 1959) [2] is an American college basketball referee. Over a career spanning four decades he has refereed four NCAA championships, 10 Final Fours, and 28 NCAA tournaments. [3] In 2005, he won the Naismith College Official of the Year. [4]
Henry O. "Hammerin' Hank" Nichols (born July 20, 1936 [1]) is an American college basketball referee and later supervisor of officials. In 2012, he was inducted as a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. [2]