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Christians were liable in a non-Christian court in specific, clearly defined instances, for example the assassination of a Muslim or to resolve a trade dispute. The Ottoman judicial system institutionalized a number of biases against non-Muslims, such as barring non-Muslims from testifying as witnesses against Muslims.
Many churches were also destroyed. They were endowed with civil as well as ecclesiastical power over all Christians in Ottoman territories. The patriarch, as the highest ranking hierarch, was thus invested with civil and religious authority and made ethnarch, head of the entire Christian Orthodox population. Practically, this meant that all ...
The term Laraman in Albanian refers to crypto-Christians who adhered to Islam officially but continued to practice Christianity within the household during the Ottoman era. It was derived from the Albanian adjective i larmë , meaning "variegated, motley, two-faced", [ 1 ] a metaphor of "two-faithed" ( l'arë ), [ 2 ] a reference to the ...
After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453, all Orthodox Christians were treated as a lower class of people. The Rum millet was instituted by Sultan Mehmet II who set himself to reorganise the state as the conscious heir of the Eastern Roman Empire , adding Caesar of Rome to his list of official titles.
The patriarch, as the highest ranking hierarch, was thus invested with civil and religious authority and made ethnarch, head of the entire Christian Orthodox population. Practically, this meant that all Orthodox Churches within Ottoman territory were under the control of Constantinople.
Persecution of Christians in the Ottoman Empire (5 C, 39 P) T. Templers (Pietist sect) (1 C, 6 P) Pages in category "Christianity in the Ottoman Empire"
During the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Christians were often overlooked, as their population was less than that of Armenians and Greeks, and all Christians were grouped together as a single millet. Throughout the Turkish War of Independence , many Christian Turks were actively loyal to the Turkish National Movement .
The percentage of Christians in Turkey fell mainly as a result of the late Ottoman genocides: [19] the Armenian genocide, Greek genocide, and Assyrian genocide, [20] the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, [11] [17] [21] the emigration of Christians that began in the late 19th century and gained pace in the first quarter of the 20th ...