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The Polish alphabet (Polish: alfabet polski, abecadło) is the script of the Polish language, the basis for the Polish system of orthography. It is based on the Latin alphabet but includes certain letters (9) with diacritics : the acute accent – kreska : ć, ń, ó, ś, ź ; the overdot – kropka : ż ; the tail or ogonek – ą, ę ; and ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Polish on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Polish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The language is written using the Polish alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics. [ 1 ] : 6 The orthography is mostly phonetic, or rather phonemic—the written letters (or combinations of them) correspond in a consistent manner to the sounds, or rather the phonemes , of spoken Polish.
The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (ą, ć, ę, ł, ń, ó, ś, ź, ż) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. [ 17 ]
Murzynowski also suggested that the letter x be used to represent the sounds /ks/ and /kɕ/ in loanwords. Before, the sounds /i/ and /j/ were often written using only the grapheme i, as in Latin; however, they were at times distinguished, namely in the Polish translation of the New Testament using the letters i and y respectively.
Transliteration is the process of representing or intending to represent a word, phrase, or text in a different script or writing system. Transliterations are designed to convey the pronunciation of the original word in a different script, allowing readers or speakers of that script to approximate the sounds and pronunciation of the original word.
Some words are subject to certain vowel alternations, caused by historical sound changes in Polish. The alternations are as follows (they do not apply to all words containing these vowels): Alternations that depend on whether the syllable is closed or open: ó–o (e.g. rób – robić) ą–ę (e.g. dąb – dęby)
In the Polish language, ż is the final, 32nd letter of the alphabet. It typically represents the voiced retroflex fricative ([ʐ]), somewhat similar to the pronunciation of g in "mirage"; however, in a word-final position or when followed by a voiceless obstruent, it is devoiced to the voiceless retroflex fricative ([ʂ]).