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Adson's sign is the loss of the radial pulse in the arm by rotating head to the ipsilateral side with extended neck following deep inspiration. It is sometimes used as a sign of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). [ 1 ]
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture, the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit, also known as the thoracic outlet. [1] There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. [1]
Wright's test is a clinical sign in which the radial pulse weakens or disappears when the arm is abducted and externally rotated. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It occurs in some patients with thoracic outlet syndrome .
Home sleep testing is more accessible and less expensive than polysomnography due to long waiting periods for in-lab tests, [45] and is increasingly being preferred by private insurance carriers. For individuals that have high co-pays or deductibles, a home sleep test can be done for a fraction of the cost of polysomnography.
Apnea is obstructive only when polysomnography reveals a continued inspiratory effort, evidenced by abdominal and thoracic muscle contraction. Sleep apnea is measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). An AHI is determined with a sleep study. AHI values for adults are categorized as: [2] [3] Normal: AHI<5; Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15
The respiratory disturbance index (RDI)—or respiratory distress Index—is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings. Like the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it reports on respiratory distress events during sleep, but unlike the AHI, it also includes respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). [1]
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