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A competing third criterion is the number and bandwidth of the frequenc(y/ies) that a single antenna intercepts or emits. A fourth design goal is to make the antenna directional: To project or intercept radio waves from only one vertical and / or horizontal direction as exclusively as possible. Simple antennas
xnec2c-optimize - An optimizer that works with xnec2c to tune antenna geometries (i.e. high gain, low VSWR) with the Simplex optimization algorithm. NEC Lab - NEC Lab is a powerful tool that uses Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC2) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to design antennas.
Slotted array UHF television broadcasting antenna. As shown by H. G. Booker in 1946, from Babinet's principle in optics a slot in a metal plate or waveguide has the same radiation pattern as a driven rod antenna whose rod is the same shape as the slot, with the exception that the electric field and magnetic field directions are interchanged; the antenna is a magnetic dipole instead of an ...
Antenna arrays may employ any basic (omnidirectional or weakly directional) antenna type, such as dipole, loop or slot antennas. These elements are often identical. Log-periodic and frequency-independent antennas employ self-similarity in order to be operational over a wide range of bandwidths .
The antenna can have a smaller or larger number of rod elements; in general, the more elements, the higher the gain and the more directional. Another design used mainly for UHF reception is the reflective array antenna, consisting of a vertical metal screen with multiple dipole elements mounted in front of it.
Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...
The top shows the directive pattern of a horn antenna, the bottom shows the omnidirectional pattern of a simple vertical dipole antenna. In the field of antenna design the term radiation pattern (or antenna pattern or far-field pattern) refers to the directional (angular) dependence of the strength of the radio waves from the antenna or other ...
A Vivaldi antenna or Vivaldi aerial [1] or tapered slot antenna [2] is a co-planar broadband-antenna, which can be made from a solid piece of sheet metal, a printed circuit board, or from a dielectric plate metalized on one or both sides. Patterned Vivaldi antenna, made from double-sided printed circuit board material