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Flip-Flops that read in a new value on the rising and the falling edge of the clock are called dual-edge-triggered flip-flops. Such a flip-flop may be built using two single-edge-triggered D-type flip-flops and a multiplexer, or by using two single-edge triggered D-type flip-flops and three XOR gates.
English: A circuit implemeting an RS flip-flop using two cross-coupled NOR gates. Date: 4 May 2009: Source: Own work: Author: Inductiveload: ... Usage on sr.wikipedia.org
Gate-level Diagram of a Clocked NAND-gate SR Flip-flop: Date: 17 June 2006: Source: Own Drawing in Inkscape 0.43: ... changed to nor, upgraded symbols: 22:36, 17 June ...
D : Q; where Dff is the D-input of a D-type flip-flop, D is the module information input (without CE input), and Q is the D-type flip-flop output. This type of clock gating is race-condition-free and is preferred for FPGA designs. For FPGAs, every D-type flip-flop has an additional CE input signal.
"A synchronous SR latch (sometimes clocked SR flip-flop) can be made by adding a second level of NAND gates to the inverted SR latch (or a second level of NOR gates to the direct SR latch)." The description does not match the circuit shown below. There are no NAND gates anywhere. A gated SR latch circuit diagram constructed from NOR gates.
The flip-flop has many different implementations, its storage element is usually a latch consisting of a NAND gate loop or a NOR gate loop with additional gates used to implement clocking. Its value is always available for reading as an output.
The output of a flip-flop is constant until a pulse is applied to its "clock" input, upon which the input of the flip-flop is latched into its output. In a synchronous logic circuit, an electronic oscillator called the clock generates a string (sequence) of pulses, the "clock signal".
The JK flip-flop augments the behavior of the SR flip-flop (J=Set, K=Reset) by interpreting the J = K = 1 condition as a "flip" or toggle command. This is an important distinction as it would confuse me to see S = R = 1 in the introduction sentence and then to read the Characteristic table, which has J = K = 1 for the flip.