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  2. Proofs of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_trigonometric...

    For the sine function, we can handle other values. If θ > π /2, then θ > 1. But sin θ ≤ 1 (because of the Pythagorean identity), so sin θ < θ. So we have ⁡ < <. For negative values of θ we have, by the symmetry of the sine function

  3. Pythagorean trigonometric identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_trigonometric...

    satisfying respectively y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 1 and y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 0. It follows from the theory of ordinary differential equations that the first solution, sine, has the second, cosine, as its derivative, and it follows from this that the derivative of cosine is the negative of the sine. The identity is equivalent to the assertion that ...

  4. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    Ptolemy's theorem states that the sum of the products of the lengths of opposite sides is equal to the product of the lengths of the diagonals. When those side-lengths are expressed in terms of the sin and cos values shown in the figure above, this yields the angle sum trigonometric identity for sine: sin(α + β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β.

  5. Chebyshev polynomials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebyshev_polynomials

    The real part of the other side is a polynomial in cos x and sin x, in which all powers of sin x are even and thus replaceable through the identity cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1. By the same reasoning, sin nx is the imaginary part of the polynomial, in which all powers of sin x are odd and thus, if one factor of sin x is factored out, the remaining ...

  6. Small-angle approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle_approximation

    The quantity 206 265 ″ is approximately equal to the number of arcseconds in a circle (1 296 000 ″), divided by 2π, or, the number of arcseconds in 1 radian. The exact formula is = ⁡ (″) and the above approximation follows when tan X is replaced by X.

  7. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    For real number x, the notation sin x, cos x, etc. refers to the value of the trigonometric functions evaluated at an angle of x rad. If units of degrees are intended, the degree sign must be explicitly shown (sin x°, cos x°, etc.).

  8. Sine and cosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine

    The fixed point iteration x n+1 = cos(x n) with initial value x 0 = −1 converges to the Dottie number. Zero is the only real fixed point of the sine function; in other words the only intersection of the sine function and the identity function is sin ⁡ ( 0 ) = 0 {\displaystyle \sin(0)=0} .

  9. Euler's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_formula

    Substituting r(cos θ + i sin θ) for e ix and equating real and imaginary parts in this formula gives ⁠ dr / dx ⁠ = 0 and ⁠ dθ / dx ⁠ = 1. Thus, r is a constant, and θ is x + C for some constant C. The initial values r(0) = 1 and θ(0) = 0 come from e 0i = 1, giving r = 1 and θ = x.