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A fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. [3] [4] A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults.
Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales, which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
These factors can be estimated for an existing fault to determine the magnitude of past earthquakes, or what might be anticipated for the future. [49] An earthquake's seismic moment can be estimated in various ways, which are the bases of the M wb, M wr, M wc, M ww, M wp, M i, and M wpd scales, all subtypes of the generic M w scale.
The magnitude-4.8 earthquake was the strongest in New Jersey in over 200 years. ... At this time, the fault that caused the earthquake isn’t yet known,” said Jessica Jobe, a USGS research ...
As illustrated, an earthquake zone may start as a single crack, growing to form many individual cracks and collections of cracks along a fault. The key to fault growth is the concept of a "following force", as conveniently provided for interplate earthquakes, by the motion of tectonic plates. Under a following force, the seismic displacements ...
Friday morning's earthquake, an event more commonly associated with California, was the first many Northeasterners had ever felt.. The temblor, which measured 4.8 on the Richter scale, was ...
Earthquakes induce three translational (two horizontal and one vertical) and three rotational (two rocking and one torsional) motions on the ground surface. To study the nature of strong ground motions , seismologists and earthquake engineers deploy accelerometers and seismometers at various distances from active faults on the ground surface or ...
For example, a fault outside of Kalamazoo was revealed after a 4.2-magnitude earthquake in 2015 — the state's largest since a 4.6-magnitude quake along the same fault in Coldwater in 1947.