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The std::string class is the standard representation for a text string since C++98. The class provides some typical string operations like comparison, concatenation, find and replace, and a function for obtaining substrings. An std::string can be constructed from a C-style string, and a C-style string can also be obtained from one. [7]
The format string syntax and semantics is the same for all of the functions in the printf-like family. Mismatch between the format specifiers and count and type of values can cause a crash or vulnerability. The printf format string is complementary to the scanf format string, which provides formatted input (lexing a.k.a. parsing). Both format ...
Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) is a free and open-source cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data. It is useful in developing programs that communicate with each other over a network or for storing data.
The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to use and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for common tasks such as finding the square root of a number.
For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.
D is not source-compatible with C and C++ source code in general. However, any code that is legal in both C and D should behave in the same way. Like C++, D has closures, anonymous functions, compile-time function execution, ranges, built-in container iteration concepts, and type inference.
C++11 (14882:2011) included many additions to both the core language and the standard library. [43] In 2014, C++14 (also known as C++1y) was released as a small extension to C++11, featuring mainly bug fixes and small improvements. [48] The Draft International Standard ballot procedures completed in mid-August 2014. [49]
But it comes with a performance penalty for string literals, as std::string usually allocates memory dynamically, and must copy the C-style string literal to it at run time. Before C++11, there was no literal for C++ strings (C++11 allows "this is a C++ string"s with the s at the end of the literal), so the normal constructor syntax was used ...