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A scatter plot, also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram, [2] is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are coded (color/shape/size), one additional variable can be displayed.
Plot of the standard deviation line (SD line), dashed, and the regression line, solid, for a scatter diagram of 20 points. In statistics, the standard deviation line (or SD line) marks points on a scatter plot that are an equal number of standard deviations away from the average in each dimension.
This line attempts to display the non-random component of the association between the variables in a 2D scatter plot. Smoothing attempts to separate the non-random behaviour in the data from the random fluctuations, removing or reducing these fluctuations, and allows prediction of the response based value of the explanatory variable .
Local regression or local polynomial regression, [1] also known as moving regression, [2] is a generalization of the moving average and polynomial regression. [3] Its most common methods, initially developed for scatterplot smoothing, are LOESS (locally estimated scatterplot smoothing) and LOWESS (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing), both pronounced / ˈ l oʊ ɛ s / LOH-ess.
Partial regression plot : In applied statistics, a partial regression plot attempts to show the effect of adding another variable to the model (given that one or more independent variables are already in the model). Partial regression plots are also referred to as added variable plots, adjusted variable plots, and individual coefficient plots.
The first scatter plot (top left) appears to be a simple linear relationship, corresponding to two correlated variables, where y could be modelled as gaussian with mean linearly dependent on x. For the second graph (top right), while a relationship between the two variables is obvious, it is not linear, and the Pearson correlation coefficient ...
Confidence bands commonly arise in regression analysis. [2] In the case of a simple regression involving a single independent variable, results can be presented in the form of a plot showing the estimated regression line along with either point-wise or simultaneous confidence bands.
An illustrative plot of a fit to data (green curve in top panel, data in red) plus a plot of residuals: red points in bottom plot. Dashed curve in bottom panel is a straight line fit to the residuals. If the functional form is correct then there should be little or no trend to the residuals - as seen here.