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NTFS file system permissions on a modern Windows system In NTFS, each file or folder is assigned a security descriptor that defines its owner and contains two access control lists (ACLs). The first ACL, called discretionary access control list (DACL), defines exactly what type of interactions (e.g. reading, writing, executing or deleting) are ...
NTFS implemented in Microsoft Windows NT and its derivatives, use ACLs [1] to provide a complex set of permissions. OpenVMS uses a permission scheme similar to that of Unix. There are four categories (system, owner, group, and world) and four types of access permissions (Read, Write, Execute and Delete).
Most of these permissions are self-explanatory, except the following: Renaming a file requires the "Delete" permission. [12] File Explorer doesn't show "Synchronize" and always sets it. Multi-threaded apps like File Explorer and Windows Command Prompt need the "Synchronize" permission to be able to work with files and folders. [13]
The ntfs.sys released with Windows Vista made the functionality available to user mode applications by default. Since NTFS 3.1, a symbolic link can also point to a file or remote SMB network path. While NTFS junction points support only absolute paths on local drives, the NTFS symbolic links allow linking using relative paths.
Windows PowerShell, which has become a component of Windows 7 and later, features two commands that can read and write attributes: Get-ItemProperty and Set-ItemProperty. [10] To change an attribute on a file on Windows NT, the user must have appropriate file system permissions known as Write Attributes and Write Extended Attributes. [11]
In Microsoft Windows, cacls, and its replacement icacls, are native command-line utilities that can display and modify the security descriptors on files and folders. [1] [2] An access-control list is a list of permissions for securable object, such as a file or folder, that controls who can access it.
The Windows Subsystem for Linux added in the Windows 10 Anniversary Update uses them for similar purposes, storing the Linux file mode, owner, device ID (if applicable), and file times in the extended attributes. [27] Additionally, NTFS can store arbitrary-length extended attributes in the form of alternate data streams (ADS), a type of ...
The Encrypting File System (EFS) on Microsoft Windows is a feature introduced in version 3.0 of NTFS [1] that provides filesystem-level encryption.The technology enables files to be transparently encrypted to protect confidential data from attackers with physical access to the computer.