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The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
Title page of 1790 United States census. The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the US Constitution and applicable laws.
Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States in percentage of the population. The United States census enumerated Whites and Blacks since 1790, Asians and Native Americans since 1860 (though all Native Americans in the U.S. were not enumerated until 1890), "some other race" since 1950, and "two or more races" since 2000. [2]
They form the second largest group in the United States, comprising 62,080,044 people or 18.7% of the population according to the 2020 United States census. [b] [59] [60] Hispanic and Latino Americans are not considered a race in the United States census, instead forming an ethnic category. [61] [62] [63] [64]
Under federal law, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, [41] the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased, [42] from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007. [43] Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s. [44]
The term Hispanic has in recent years in the United States been given racial value with the perception of a racial Hispanic look being that of Native American race or of the mixed races, usually mestizo or mulatto, as the majority of the people who immigrate from Spanish-speaking countries to the United States are of that racial origin.
This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, the 5 populated U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia by race/ethnicity. It includes a sortable table of population by race /ethnicity. The table excludes Hispanics from the racial categories, assigning them to their own category.
Before 1970, Alaska and Hawaii had different choices for race on their censuses in contrast to the continental United States. [176] The United States has also used language as a way to classify people by race or ethnicity. [182] From 1910 to 1940, the Census recorded the mother tongue of the foreign-born population and their children. [183]