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Each octatonic scale has exactly two modes: the first begins its ascent with a whole step, while the second begins its ascent with a half step . These modes are sometimes referred to as the whole step/half-step diminished scale and the half-step/whole step diminished scale, respectively. [10]
A semitone, also called a minor second, half step, or a half tone, [3] is the smallest musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music, [4] and it is considered the most dissonant [5] when sounded harmonically.
For instance, in a chromatic scale each scale step represents a semitone interval, while a major scale is defined by the interval pattern W–W–H–W–W–W–H, where W stands for whole step (an interval spanning two semitones, e.g. from C to D), and H stands for half-step (e.g. from C to D ♭).
For example, C to D (major second) is a step, whereas C to E (major third) is a skip. More generally, a step is a smaller or narrower interval in a musical line, and a skip is a wider or larger interval with the categorization of intervals into steps and skips is determined by the tuning system and the pitch space used.
Starting the major scale pattern (whole step, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half) on C requires no sharps or flats. Proceeding clockwise in the diagram starts the scale a fifth higher, on G. Starting on G requires one sharp, F ♯, to form a major scale. Starting another fifth higher, on D, requires F ♯ and C ♯. This pattern continues ...
The terms "whole step" and "half step" are commonly used as interval names (though "whole scale step" or "half scale step" are not used). The number of scale degrees and the distance between them together define the scale they are in. In Schenkerian analysis, "scale degree" (or "scale step") translates Schenker's German Stufe, denoting "a chord ...