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Walter Bradford Cannon (1871–1945) was a physiologist at Harvard University, who is perhaps best known for his classic treatise on homeostasis. [2] Philip Bard (1898–1977) was a doctoral student of Cannon's, and together they developed a model of emotion called the Cannon–Bard Theory.
Walter Bradford Cannon (October 19, 1871 – October 1, 1945) was an American physiologist, professor and chairman of the Department of Physiology at Harvard Medical School. He coined the term " fight or flight response ", and developed the theory of homeostasis .
It was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon in 1915. [a] [3] His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the animal for fighting or fleeing. [4]
Voodoo death, a term coined by Walter Cannon in 1942 also known as psychogenic death or psychosomatic death, is the phenomenon of sudden death as brought about by a strong emotional shock, such as fear. The anomaly is recognized as "psychosomatic" in that death is caused by an emotional response—often fear—to some suggested outside force.
However, Walter Cannon, a prominent physiologist, hypothesized that hunger had a physiological basis related to stomach activity. He proposed that the sensation of hunger was linked to contractions of the stomach when it was empty. This theory was driven by observations of people experiencing "hunger pangs" during prolonged periods of fasting. [2]
In Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage (1915) by Walter Cannon, [42] Cannon introduces the phrase fight-or-flight response, formulating emotions in terms of strategies for interpersonal behaviour and how these emotions are amplified in groups or crowds—herd behavior.
The theory was challenged in the 1920s by psychologists such as Walter Cannon and Philip Bard, who developed an alternative theory of emotion known as Cannon–Bard theory, in which physiological changes arise independently from emotions. [4] A third theory of emotion is Schachter and Singer's two factor theory of emotion.
The Cannon-Bard theory, which was conceptualized by Walter Cannon and Phillip Bard, suggests that emotions and their corresponding physiological responses are experienced simultaneously. Using the previous example, when someone sees the car coming toward them in their lane, their heart starts to race and they feel afraid at the same time.