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  2. Rotation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(mathematics)

    The rotation has two angles of rotation, one for each plane of rotation, through which points in the planes rotate. If these are ω 1 and ω 2 then all points not in the planes rotate through an angle between ω 1 and ω 2. Rotations in four dimensions about a fixed point have six degrees of freedom.

  3. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    The trace of a rotation matrix is equal to the sum of its eigenvalues. For n = 2, a rotation by angle θ has trace 2 cos θ. For n = 3, a rotation around any axis by angle θ has trace 1 + 2 cos θ. For n = 4, and the trace is 2(cos θ + cos φ), which becomes 4 cos θ for an isoclinic rotation.

  4. Rodrigues' rotation formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues'_rotation_formula

    In the theory of three-dimensional rotation, Rodrigues' rotation formula, named after Olinde Rodrigues, is an efficient algorithm for rotating a vector in space, given an axis and angle of rotation. By extension, this can be used to transform all three basis vectors to compute a rotation matrix in SO(3) , the group of all rotation matrices ...

  5. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.

  6. Axis–angle representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis–angle_representation

    The angle θ and axis unit vector e define a rotation, concisely represented by the rotation vector θe.. In mathematics, the axis–angle representation parameterizes a rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space by two quantities: a unit vector e indicating the direction of an axis of rotation, and an angle of rotation θ describing the magnitude and sense (e.g., clockwise) of the ...

  7. Euler–Rodrigues formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler–Rodrigues_formula

    Rotation is given by ′ (′ + ′ + ′) = † = (+ +) (+ + +), which it can be confirmed by multiplying out gives the Euler–Rodrigues formula as stated above. Thus, the Euler parameters are the real and imaginary coordinates in an SU(2) matrix corresponding to an element of the spin group Spin(3), which maps by a double cover mapping to a ...

  8. Rotations and reflections in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotations_and_reflections...

    A rotation in the plane can be formed by composing a pair of reflections. First reflect a point P to its image P′ on the other side of line L 1. Then reflect P′ to its image P′′ on the other side of line L 2. If lines L 1 and L 2 make an angle θ with one another, then points P and P′′ will make an angle 2θ around point O, the ...

  9. Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotations_in_4-dimensional...

    The unequal rotation angles α and β satisfying −π < α, β < π are almost [a] uniquely determined by R. Assuming that 4-space is oriented, then the orientations of the 2-planes A and B can be chosen consistent with this orientation in two ways. If the rotation angles are unequal (α ≠ β), R is sometimes termed a "double rotation".