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The Rohingya population trace their history to this period. [108] According to Syed Islam, the earliest Muslim settlements in the Arakan region began in the 7th-century. The Arab traders were also missionaries and they began converting the local Buddhist population to Islam by about 788 CE, states Syed Islam.
Another factor contributing to the health of Rohingya women is the ability to breastfeed infants and availability of spaces to do so. As of 2017, about 8.3% of the Rohingya population was breastfeeding. [81] On average, Rohingya women will give birth to 3.8 children in their lifespan and will breastfeed for a total of 6.9 years. [81]
The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar.The genocide has consisted of two phases [3] [4] to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. [5]
Large scale Rohingya migration to Karachi made Karachi one of the largest population centres of Rohingyas in the world after Myanmar. [11] According to community leaders and social scientists, there are over 1.6 million Bengalis and up to 400,000 Rohingyas living in Karachi, which is the highest number after Myanmar and now Bangladesh. [9] [6]
The Rohingya population is mostly concentrated in five northern townships of Rakhine State: Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Rathedaung, Akyab, Sandway, Tongo, Shokepro, Rashong Island and Kyauktaw. Panthay, Chinese Muslims in Burma migrated from Yunnan Province of China. Burmese Malays in Tanintharyi.
After the Bharatiya Janata Party came to power in 2014, anti-Rohingya sentiment grew in India, with its leaders urging the removal of Rohingyas from the country. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in India issues identity cards to registered refugees intended to protect them from arbitrary arrests and deportations. [ 9 ]
After the independence of Myanmar in 1948, the government declared this migration illegal. Citizenship was denied to the Rohingya population. The Rohingya were excluded from the Union Citizenship Act. In 1982, a new citizenship law was passed that also did not include Rohingya in the list of country's 135 ethnic groups.
The United Nations Security Council has convened several times to discuss the Rohingya crisis Rakhine State in Myanmar. The Rohingya genocide is a term applied to the persecution—including mass killings, mass rapes, village-burnings, deprivations, ethnic cleansing, and internments—of the Rohingya people of western Myanmar (particularly northern Rakhine state).