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The effect of the developmental toxicants depends on the type of substance, dose, duration, and time of the exposure. The first few weeks of embryogenesis in humans is more susceptible to these agents. The embryogenesis is the most crucial time for the action of any teratogenic substances to result in birth defects.
Several inhalational anesthetic agents are used in dentistry, e.g., isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, and halothane. [11] The most concerning from the point of view of its health impact, however, is nitrous oxide, an inhalation sedative commonly used in dentistry, particularly for children.
While this is still part of the teratological evaluation procedures today, the field of Teratology is moving to a more molecular level, seeking the mechanism(s) of action by which these agents act. One example of this is the use of mammalian animal models to evaluate the molecular role of teratogens in the development of embryonic populations ...
Teratogens are substances that may cause birth defects via a toxic effect on an embryo or foetus. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Teratogens . See also the categories Carcinogens and Mutagens
A Virginia woman has been convicted of practicing dentistry without a license, following accusations that she illegally performed veneer procedures at her tooth jewelry business.
Teratogens are classified in four main categories: Drugs in pregnancy – in addition to environmental chemicals, includes recreational drug use and pharmaceutical drugs. Vertically transmitted infections; Radiation, such as X-rays; Mechanical forces, such as oligohydramnios; Teratogens affect the fetus by various mechanism including:
These agents typically include electrophilic groups that react readily with the net negative charge of DNA molecules. [20] Examples of activation-independent carcinogens include ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation and alkylating agents. [21] The time from exposure to a carcinogen to the development of cancer is known as the latency period.
BPA is an example of an endocrine disruptor which negatively affects reproductive development by acting as an estrogen mimicker (xenoestrogen) and a likely androgen mimicker. [46] Bisphenol A exposure in fetal female rats leads to mammary gland morphogenesis , increased formation of ovarian tumors , and increased risk of developing mammary ...