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  2. Enkrateia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkrateia

    Xenophon was one of the first to write about enkrateia.. In Ancient Greek philosophy, Enkrateia (Greek ἐνκράτεια, "in power - from ἐν (en, “in”) + κράτος (krátos, “power”) is a state of power over something, usually a state of self-control and self-mastery where one holds power over one's own passions and instincts.

  3. Glossary of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_philosophy

    Also called humanocentrism. The practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe. This is similar, but not identical, to the practice of relating all that happens in the universe to the human experience. To clarify, the first position concludes that the fact of human existence is the point of universal existence; the ...

  4. Binary opposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_opposition

    In structuralism, a binary opposition is seen as a fundamental organizer of human philosophy, culture, and language. Binary opposition originated in Saussurean structuralist theory. [ 3 ] According to Ferdinand de Saussure , the binary opposition is the means by which the units of language have value or meaning; each unit is defined in ...

  5. List of philosophical concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_concepts

    A priori and a posteriori; A series and B series; Abductive reasoning; Ability; Absolute; Absolute time and space; Abstract and concrete; Adiaphora; Aesthetic emotions

  6. Opposite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonym

    An antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings. Each word in the pair is the antithesis of the other. A word may have more than one antonym. There are three categories of antonyms identified by the nature of the relationship between the opposed meanings.

  7. Unity of opposites - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_of_opposites

    In his philosophy, Hegel ventured to describe quite a few cases of "unity of opposites", including the concepts of Finite and Infinite, Force and Matter, Identity and Difference, Positive and Negative, Form and Content, Chance and Necessity, Cause and effect, Freedom and Necessity, Subjectivity and Objectivity, Means and Ends, Subject and ...

  8. Indeterminism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeterminism

    Indeterminism is the idea that events (or certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or are not caused deterministically.. It is the opposite of determinism and related to chance.

  9. Ideology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology

    Tracy conceived of ideology as a liberal philosophy that would defend individual liberty, property, free markets, and constitutional limits on sthhate power. He argues that, among these aspects, ideology is the most generic term because the 'science of ideas' also contains the study of their expression and deduction. [ 6 ]