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  2. Ionic liquid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_liquid

    Low-temperature ionic liquids (below 130 K) have been proposed as the fluid base for an extremely large diameter spinning liquid-mirror telescope to be based on the Moon. [25] Water is a common impurity in ionic liquids, as it can be absorbed from the atmosphere and influences the transport properties of RTILs, even at relatively low ...

  3. Solvent effects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_effects

    In chemistry, solvent effects are the influence of a solvent on chemical reactivity or molecular associations. Solvents can have an effect on solubility, stability and reaction rates and choosing the appropriate solvent allows for thermodynamic and kinetic control over a chemical reaction.

  4. Solvation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation

    Polar solvents can be used to dissolve inorganic or ionic compounds such as salts. The conductivity of a solution depends on the solvation of its ions. Nonpolar solvents cannot solvate ions, and ions will be found as ion pairs. Hydrogen bonding among solvent and solute molecules depends on the ability of each to accept H-bonds, donate H-bonds ...

  5. Green solvent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_solvent

    These properties allow for ionic liquids to be used as green solvents, as their low volatility limits VOC emissions compared to conventional solvents. The ecotoxicity and poor degradability of ionic liquids has been recognized in the past because the resources typically used for their production are non-renewable, as is the case for imidazole ...

  6. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

    Evaporation removes volatile liquids from non-volatile solutes, which cannot be done through filtration due to the small size of the substances. Liquidliquid extraction removes an impurity or recovers a desired product by dissolving the crude material in a solvent in which other components of the feed material are soluble.

  7. Solubility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility

    In liquid water at high temperatures, (e.g. that approaching the critical temperature), the solubility of ionic solutes tends to decrease due to the change of properties and structure of liquid water; the lower dielectric constant results in a less polar solvent and in a change of hydration energy affecting the ΔG of the dissolution reaction.

  8. Protic ionic liquid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protic_ionic_liquid

    A protic ionic liquid is an ionic liquid that is formed via proton transfer from a Brønsted acid to a Brønsted base. [1] Unlike many other types of ionic liquids, which are formed through a series of synthesis steps, [ 2 ] protic ionic liquids are easier to create because the acid and base must simply be mixed together.

  9. Phase-transfer catalyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-transfer_catalyst

    Liquid-liquid-liquid triphase transfer catalysis,Molecular Catalysis 466 (2019) 112–121 By using a PTC process, one can achieve faster reactions, obtain higher conversions or yields , make fewer byproducts, eliminate the need for expensive or dangerous solvents that will dissolve all the reactants in one phase, eliminate the need for ...