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Evolutionary AI [30] – "Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that the AI generates for different countries and regions over time, their predicted effect." [ 31 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ] From the index case to global spread – Dr. Siwiak, based on GLEAM framework embedding actual population densities, commute patterns and long-range travel networks.
Researchers are also using the new tool to keep an eye on the poorly understood Lassa and Nipah viruses—pathogens much deadlier than COVID, with the potential to cause the next pandemic.
Predict was launched in 2009 in response to the influenza A virus subtype H5N1 "bird flu" outbreak in 2005. It was designed and overseen by Dennis Carroll, then the director of the USAID emerging threats division, [2] with epidemiologist Jonna Mazet of the University of California, Davis, as its global director. [3]
The UNESCO study of publication trends in 193 countries on the topic of new or re-emerging viruses that can infect humans covered the period from 2011 to 2019 and now provides an overview of the state of research prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global output on this broad topic increased by only 2% per year between 2011 and 2019, slower than ...
A study among pre-surgical patients across the Mayo Clinic system in the United States, showed that mRNA vaccines were 80% protective against asymptomatic infections. [420] A UK study found that a single dose of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is about 73% (27 – 90%) effective in people aged 70 and older. [421]
Following warnings and increased preparedness in the 2000s, the 2009 swine flu pandemic led to rapid anti-pandemic reactions amongst the Western countries. The H1N1/09 virus strain with mild symptoms and low lethality eventually led to a backlash over public sector over-reactiveness, spending, and the high cost of the 2009 flu vaccine.
In vaccine development, gain-of-function research is conducted in the hope of gaining a head start on a virus and being able to develop a vaccine or therapeutic before it emerges. [4] The term "gain of function" is sometimes applied more narrowly to refer to "research which could enable a pandemic-potential pathogen to replicate more quickly or ...
In the study, researchers analysed the health and labour market data for 6 million Danes collected from 2008 to 2020, including information on individuals’ education, visits to doctors and ...