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If a vaccination program causes the proportion of immune individuals in a population to exceed the critical threshold for a significant length of time, transmission of the infectious disease in that population will stop. If elimination occurs everywhere at the same time, then this can lead to eradication. [citation needed] Elimination
Researchers are also using the new tool to keep an eye on the poorly understood Lassa and Nipah viruses—pathogens much deadlier than COVID, with the potential to cause the next pandemic.
Predict was launched in 2009 in response to the influenza A virus subtype H5N1 "bird flu" outbreak in 2005. It was designed and overseen by Dennis Carroll, then the director of the USAID emerging threats division, [2] with epidemiologist Jonna Mazet of the University of California, Davis, as its global director. [3]
A study among pre-surgical patients across the Mayo Clinic system in the United States, showed that mRNA vaccines were 80% protective against asymptomatic infections. [420] A UK study found that a single dose of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is about 73% (27 – 90%) effective in people aged 70 and older. [421]
The UNESCO study of publication trends in 193 countries on the topic of new or re-emerging viruses that can infect humans covered the period from 2011 to 2019 and now provides an overview of the state of research prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global output on this broad topic increased by only 2% per year between 2011 and 2019, slower than ...
Although the quality and quantity of antibody production by a potential vaccine is intended to neutralize the COVID‑19 infection, a vaccine may have an unintended opposite effect by causing antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE), which increases the virus attachment to its target cells and might trigger a cytokine storm if a vaccinated ...
The COVID pandemic was supposed to be a once-in-a-lifetime event. Bill Gates, the billionaire philanthropist and Microsoft co-founder, disagrees.. He predicts either a major war or another ...
In vaccine development, gain-of-function research is conducted in the hope of gaining a head start on a virus and being able to develop a vaccine or therapeutic before it emerges. [4] The term "gain of function" is sometimes applied more narrowly to refer to "research which could enable a pandemic-potential pathogen to replicate more quickly or ...