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A hemispherical head ("hemi-head") gives an efficient combustion chamber with minimal heat loss to the head, and allows for two large valves.However, a hemi-head usually allows no more than two valves per cylinder due to the difficulty in arranging the valve gear for four valves at diverging angles, and these large valves are necessarily heavier than those in a multi-valve engine of similar ...
In 1942-43, a range of configurations was considered and it was concluded that, for good breathing and high brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), the new engines would need vee-opposed valves operating in hemispherical combustion chambers. Two configurations of this type were selected for comparison in 1943 and the prototypes named "XG" and "XF".
The 3V, 4V and 5V engines were used in the Toyota Century up until 1997, when it got a complete redesign and replaced the V8 for the 5.0 L 1GZ-FE V12. The V series engines, like several Toyota Motor Corporation engines (e.g. 2T-C, 2M, 4M etc.) at the time had a hemispherical combustion chamber. The position of the spark plugs, like the 2T-C and ...
Chrysler developed its first experimental hemi engine for the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter aircraft. The XIV-2220 was an inverted V16 rated at 2,500 hp (1,860 kW). The P-47 was already in production with a Pratt & Whitney radial engine when the XIV-2220 flew successfully in trials in 1945 as a possible upgrade, but the war was winding down and it did not go into production.
Considering the definition of combustion chamber used for internal combustion engines, the equivalent part of a steam engine would be the firebox, since this is where the fuel is burned. [citation needed] However, in the context of a steam engine, the term "combustion chamber" has also been used for a specific area between the firebox and the ...
Multi-point fuel injection and hemispherical combustion chambers are features of the 1986 Escort GT's EFI HO engine, raising output to 108 hp (81 kW) and 114 lb⋅ft (155 N⋅m). The 90 hp (67 kW) 1.9 L CFI engine of the late 1980s, particularly when equipped with either the four- or five-speed manual transaxle , was noted for delivering ...
The efficiency of internal combustion engines depends on several factors, the most important of which is the expansion ratio. For any heat engine the work which can be extracted from it is proportional to the difference between the starting pressure and the ending pressure during the expansion phase. Hence, increasing the starting pressure is ...
Turbulence in the combustion chamber due to this squish helps with air-fuel mixing, cylinder wall heat transfer, thermal efficiency, and overall engine performance. Heat transfer is aided when the combustion gasses swirl around and heat the cylinder wall, allowing the cooling system to work more efficiently. [3]