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Historically, Berbers across the region did not see themselves as a single cultural or linguistic unit, nor was there a greater "Berber community", due to their differing cultures. [42] They also did not refer to themselves as Berbers/Amazigh but had their own terms to refer to their own groups and communities. [ 43 ]
[1] [2] [3] They are collectively known as Berbers or Amazigh in English. [4] The native plural form Imazighen is sometimes also used in English. [5] [6] While "Berber" is more widely known among English-speakers, its usage is a subject of debate, due to its historical background as an exonym and present equivalence with the Arabic word for ...
Berber Jews are the Jewish communities of the Maghreb, in North Africa, who historically spoke Berber languages. Between 1950 and 1970 most emigrated to France, ...
Berber tribes are tribes of Berber descent inhabiting the Maghreb region. They are traditionally divided into three large tribal confederations: Masmuda , Zenata and Sanhaja . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They often form smaller confederations of tribes together (for example the Haha or the Ait Yafelman ).
Thereafter Berbers lived as an independent people in North Africa, including the Tunisian region. On the most distant prehistoric epochs, the scattered evidence sheds a rather dim light. Also obscure is the subsequent "pre-Berber" situation, which later evolved into the incidents of Berber origins and early development.
The first was led by Tariq ibn Ziyad (thought by researchers to be a Berber [12]) in 711 A.D. [11] A second army led by Musa ibn Nusayr followed in 712 A.D. [11] The invasion combined approximately 10000 Berbers and 3000 Arabs (numbers are approximate and sources without specific numbers say "completely the Berbers with only a few Arabs" or ...
Due to the clade's prevalence among these Berber groups and others such as Mozabites, Riffians, Chleuhs, Middle Atlas and Kabyle, it is sometimes referred to as a genetic Berber marker. This phylogenetic tree of The Berber haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research as summarized by ISOGG.
The native Berbers of North Africa were among the many peoples called "Barbarian" by the early Romans. The term continued to be used by medieval Arabs (see Berber etymology) before being replaced by "Amazigh". In English, the term "Berber" continues to be used as an exonym.