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There is debate about whether Cuzco Quechua has five /a, e, i, o, u/ or three vowel phonemes: /a, ɪ, ʊ/. [4] While historically Proto-Quechua clearly had just three vowel phonemes /*a, *ɪ, *ʊ/, and although some other Quechua varieties have an increased number of vowels as a result of phonological vowel length emergence or of monophthongization, the current debate about the Cuzco variety ...
ñawi-i-wan- mi eye- 1P -with- DIR lika-la-a see- PST - 1 ñawi-i-wan- mi lika-la-a eye-1P-with-DIR see-PST-1 I saw them with my own eyes. -chr(a): Inference and attenuation In Quechuan languages, not specified by the source, the inference morpheme appears as -ch(i), -ch(a), -chr(a). The -chr(a) evidential indicates that the utterance is an inference or form of conjecture. That inference ...
Kichwa (Kichwa shimi, Runashimi, also Spanish Quichua) is a Quechuan language that includes all Quechua varieties of Ecuador and Colombia , as well as extensions into Peru. It has an estimated half million speakers.
The independent pronouns are much like pronouns in English or Spanish, while the pronominal affixes are attached to words such as nouns, verbs, and statives and used for inflection. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Like other Mayan languages , Qʼeqchiʼ has two sets of pronominal affixes, referred to as set A and set B.
Cusco–Collao (Spanish, also Cuzco–Collao) or Qusqu–Qullaw is a collective term used for Quechua dialects that have aspirated (tʃʰ, pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, qʰ) and ejective (tʃʼ, pʼ, tʼ, kʼ, qʼ) plosives, apparently borrowed from Aymaran languages. They include Cusco Quechua, Puno Quechua, North Bolivian Quechua, and South Bolivian Quechua.
He published dictionaries, a grammar book on Ayacucho Quechua, articles, and his pedagogical Quechua manual which is widely used by many students and teachers around the world. [ 1 ] During his time at the University of Illinois he also published Correo de Lingüística Andina , an annual newsletter on Quechua instruction.
The term Southern Quechua refers to the Quechuan varieties spoken in regions of the Andes south of a line roughly east–west between the cities of Huancayo and Huancavelica in central Peru. It includes the Quechua varieties spoken in the regions of Ayacucho, Cusco and Puno in Peru, in much of Bolivia and parts of north-west Argentina. The most ...
A standardized alphabet for done Quechua was adopted by the Peruvian government in 1975; a revision in 1985 moved to a three-vowel orthography. [ 1 ] The major changes are to replace the digraph hu with the single letter w , and to replace the consonants c / q[u] with either k or q , as appropriate in the word in question.