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Hypofrontality is a symptom of numerous neurological diseases defined as reduced utilization of glucose and blood flow in the prefrontal cortex. Hypofrontality can be difficult to detect under resting conditions, but under cognitive challenges, it has been seen to correlate with memory deficits along with executive function deficits.
Frontal lobe disorder, also frontal lobe syndrome, is an impairment of the frontal lobe of the brain due to disease or frontal lobe injury. [5] The frontal lobe plays a key role in executive functions such as motivation, planning, social behaviour, and speech production.
Dysexecutive syndrome (DES) consists of a group of symptoms, [1] usually resulting from brain damage, that fall into cognitive, behavioural and emotional categories and tend to occur together. The term was introduced by Alan Baddeley [ 2 ] [ 3 ] to describe a common pattern of dysfunction in executive functions , such as planning, abstract ...
Also shown are the insular cortex (purple), the brain stem (black), and the cerebellum (blue). The frontal lobe of the human brain is both relatively large in mass and less restricted in movement than the posterior portion of the brain. [1] It is a component of the cerebral system, which supports goal directed behavior. [2]
The symptoms observed in bvFTD are caused by dysfunction of the orbitofrontal cortex; thus these two neuropsychological tests might be useful in detecting early-stage bvFTD. However, as self-monitoring and somatic marker processes are so complex, it likely involves other brain regions.
Like directed attention fatigue, ADHD involves the prefrontal cortex. Specifically, the right prefrontal cortex is less active among children with ADHD. Experimentation has shown that the severity of ADHD symptoms can be correlated to the degree of asymmetry between blood flow in the left and right prefrontal cortex.
The anterior superior frontal lobe is known as the prefrontal cortex which is responsible for the initiation and ideation of verbal speech. [7] The damage leaves the major language networks, Broca's and Wernicke’s areas and the arcuate fasiculus , unaffected. [ 1 ]
Children with TS are found to have a larger prefrontal cortex, which may be the result of an adaptation to help regulate tics. [77] It is likely that tics decrease with age as the capacity of the frontal cortex increases. [77] Cortico-basal ganglia (CBG) circuits may also be impaired, contributing to "sensory, limbic and executive" features. [14]