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The mineralogical and chemical compositions of laterites are dependent on their parent rocks. [6]: 6 Laterites consist mainly of quartz, zircon, and oxides of titanium, iron, tin, aluminum and manganese, which remain during the course of weathering. [6]: 7 Quartz is the most abundant relic mineral from the parent rock. [6]: 7
Goethite often forms through the weathering of other iron-rich minerals, and thus is a common component of soils, concentrated in laterite soils. nanoparticulate authigenic goethite is a common diagenetic iron oxyhydroxide in both marine and lake sediments. [15]
A represents soil; B represents laterite, a regolith; C represents saprolite, a less-weathered regolith; beneath C is bedrock. Saprolite is a chemically weathered rock. Saprolites form in the lower zones of soil profiles and represent deep weathering of the bedrock surface. In most outcrops, its color comes from ferric compounds.
Typical nickel laterite ore deposits are very large tonnage, low-grade deposits located close to the surface.They are typically in the range of 20 million tonnes and upwards (this being a contained resource of 200,000 tonnes of nickel at 1%) with some examples approaching a billion tonnes of material.
The mineralogical and chemical composition of the primary bedrock material, its physical features (including grain size and degree of consolidation), and the rate and type of weathering transforms the parent material into a different mineral. The texture, pH and mineral constituents of saprolite are inherited from its parent material.
Laterite soils are formed from chemical decomposition of rocks. soils mainly contain iron oxide which gives them characteristic pink or red color. These soils are found in Central,Eastern and Southern India. These are residual soils is formed from basalt and have high specific gravity. These soils are mostly composed as calcite depositions.
In comparison with the iron-rich laterites, the formation of bauxites depends even more on intense weathering conditions in a location with very good drainage. This enables the dissolution of the kaolinite and the precipitation of the gibbsite. Zones with highest aluminium content are frequently located below a ferruginous surface layer.
Soil bulk density, when determined at standardized moisture conditions, is an estimate of soil compaction. [60] Soil porosity consists of the void part of the soil volume and is occupied by gases or water. Soil consistency is the ability of soil materials to stick together. Soil temperature and colour are self-defining.