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first conformally projecting x from e 123 onto a unit 3-sphere in the space e + ∧ e 123 (in 5-D this is in the subspace r ⋅ (−n o − 1 / 2 n ∞) = 0); then lift this into a projective space, by adjoining e – = 1 , and identifying all points on the same ray from the origin (in 5-D this is in the subspace r ⋅ (− n o − ...
The basic polygon is often (but not necessarily) a convex plane-filling polygon, such as a square or a triangle. More specific names have been given to polyforms resulting from specific basic polygons, as detailed in the table below. For example, a square basic polygon results in the well-known polyominoes.
A function f : A n → A 1 is said to be polynomial (or regular) if it can be written as a polynomial, that is, if there is a polynomial p in k[x 1,...,x n] such that f(M) = p(t 1,...,t n) for every point M with coordinates (t 1,...,t n) in A n. The property of a function to be polynomial (or regular) does not depend on the choice of a ...
In complex analysis, a Schwarz–Christoffel mapping is a conformal map of the upper half-plane or the complex unit disk onto the interior of a simple polygon.Such a map is guaranteed to exist by the Riemann mapping theorem (stated by Bernhard Riemann in 1851); the Schwarz–Christoffel formula provides an explicit construction.
Some regular polygons are easy to construct with compass and straightedge; other regular polygons are not constructible at all. The ancient Greek mathematicians knew how to construct a regular polygon with 3, 4, or 5 sides, [11]: p. xi and they knew how to construct a regular polygon with double the number of sides of a given regular polygon.
Being tangent to five given lines also determines a conic, by projective duality, but from the algebraic point of view tangency to a line is a quadratic constraint, so naive dimension counting yields 2 5 = 32 conics tangent to five given lines, of which 31 must be ascribed to degenerate conics, as described in fudge factors in enumerative ...
1 5-tetrahedron: 2 8-tetrahedron: 2 4-cube: 4 6-octahedron: 20 30-tetrahedron: 12 10-dodecahedron: Inscribed 120 in 120-cell 675 in 120-cell 2 16-cells 3 8-cells 25 24-cells 10 600-cells Great polygons: 2 squares x 3 4 rectangles x 4 4 hexagons x 4 12 decagons x 6 100 irregular hexagons x 4 Petrie polygons: 1 pentagon x 2 1 octagon x 3 2 ...
A subdivision rule takes a tiling of the plane by polygons and turns it into a new tiling by subdividing each polygon into smaller polygons. It is finite if there are only finitely many ways that every polygon can subdivide. Each way of subdividing a tile is called a tile type. Each tile type is represented by a label (usually a letter).