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The Publisher Item Identifier (PII) is a unique identifier used by a number of scientific journal publishers to identify documents. [1] It uses the pre-existing ISSN or ISBN of the publication in question, and adds a character for source publication type, an item number, and a check digit.
In the resulting research paper, there were startling revelations of how easy it is to re-identify Netflix users. For example, simply knowing data about only two movies a user has reviewed, including the precise rating and the date of rating give or take three days allows for 68% re-identification success.
Personal data, also known as personal information or personally identifiable information (PII), [1] [2] [3] is any information related to an identifiable person. The abbreviation PII is widely used in the United States , but the phrase it abbreviates has four common variants based on personal or personally , and identifiable or identifying .
There are many forms of PHI, with the most common being physical storage in the form of paper-based personal health records (PHR). Other types of PHI include electronic health records, wearable technology, and mobile applications. In recent years, there has been a growing number of concerns regarding the safety and privacy of PHI.
Researchers publish data that they get from participants. To preserve participants' privacy, the data goes through a process to de-identify it. The goal of such a process would be to remove protected health information which could be used to connect a study participant to their contribution to a research project so that the participants will not suffer from data re-identification.
Personal Identifiers (PID) are a subset of personally identifiable information (PII) data elements, which identify an individual and can permit another person to "assume" that individual's identity without their knowledge or consent. [1] PIIs include direct identifiers (name, social security number) and indirect identifiers (race, ethnicity ...
PHI (Protected Health Information) can be present in various data and each format need specific techniques and tools for de-identify it: For Text de-identification is using rule based and NLP (Natural language processing) approaches.
Before the Schrems II ruling, pseudonymization was a technique used by security experts or government officials to hide personally identifiable information to maintain data structure and privacy of information. Some common examples of sensitive information include postal code, location of individuals, names of individuals, race and gender, etc.