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The Shi epoxidation is a chemical reaction described as the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes with oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate) and a fructose-derived catalyst (1). This reaction is thought to proceed via a dioxirane intermediate, generated from the catalyst ketone by oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate). The addition of the sulfate group ...
Diastereoselective epoxidation may be achieved through the use of alkene starting materials with diastereotopic faces. When racemic 3-isopropylcyclohexene was subjected to DMD oxidation, the trans epoxide, which resulted from attack on the less hindered face of the double bond, was the major product.
However, as is the case with the overall mechanism, the pathway of alkene approach is also debated. [8] One proposed substrate approach pathway - Note: Substrates are perpendicular to the plane of the catalyst. The ease with which Jacobsen's catalyst selectively epoxidizes cis-alkenes has been difficult to replicate with terminal and trans ...
Hydroformylation of an alkene (R 1 to R 3 organyl groups (i. e. alkyl-or aryl group) or hydrogen). In organic chemistry, hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes (R−CH=O) from alkenes (R 2 C=CR 2).
In commercial applications, the alkylating agents are generally alkenes, some of the largest scale reactions practiced in industry.Such alkylations are of major industrial importance, e.g. for the production of ethylbenzene, the precursor to polystyrene, from benzene and ethylene and for the production of cumene from benzene and propene in cumene process:
In case of diols, their reactions with alkenes typically generate ketals, whereas reactions of olefins bearing electron-withdrawing groups tend to form acetals. [ 45 ] Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular oxidations of dienes with carboxylic acids and alcohols as donors give 1,4-addition products.
Alkenes react with percarboxylic acids and even hydrogen peroxide to yield epoxides: RCH=CH 2 + RCO 3 H → RCHOCH 2 + RCO 2 H. For ethylene, the epoxidation is conducted on a very large scale industrially using oxygen in the presence of silver-based catalysts: C 2 H 4 + 1/ 2 O 2 → C 2 H 4 O. Alkenes react with ozone, leading to the scission ...
Wilkinson's catalyst also catalyzes many other hydrofunctionalization reactions including hydroacylation, hydroboration, and hydrosilylation of alkenes. [14] Hydroborations have been studied with catecholborane and pinacolborane. [15] It is also active for the hydrosilylation of alkenes. [16]