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Mary Eliza Mahoney (May 7, 1845 – January 4, 1926) was the first African-American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the United States. In 1879, Mahoney was the first African American to graduate from an American school of nursing. [1] [2]
Nancy Leftenant-Colon (September 29, 1920 – January 8, 2025) became the first African American in the regular United States Army Nurse Corps in March 1948 after it was desegregated. [ 1 ] Biography
Adah Belle Samuels Thoms (January 12, 1870 – February 21, 1943) was an African American nurse who cofounded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (serving as President from 1916 to 1923), was acting director of the Lincoln School for Nurses (New York), and fought for African Americans to serve as American Red Cross nurses during World War I and eventually as U.S. Army Nurse ...
American Journal of Public Health 90.5 (2000): 707+. online; Burnham, J.C. Health Care in America: A History (Johns Hopkins UP, 2015), a standard comprehensive scholarly history; online. Byrd, W.M. and L.A. Clayton. An American health dilemma: A medical history of African Americans and the problem of race: Beginnings to 1900 (Routledge, 2012).
Thoms established a national jobs registry to help black nurses find employment and established the association's first headquarters. [3] During World War I, Thoms campaigned for the American Red Cross to admit African American nurses. This was important because the American Red Cross was the only avenue into the United States Army Nurse Corps.
Hazel Winifred Johnson-Brown (October 10, 1927 – August 5, 2011) [1] [2] was a nurse and educator who served in the United States Army from 1955 to 1983. In 1979, she became the first Black female general in the United States Army and the first Black chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps. [3]
She mailed more than 500 letters to black nurses, superintendents of nursing schools, and nursing organizations in order to gain a wider perspective on the experiences of African American nurses. [4] Franklin determined that the prestigious American Nurses Association was technically open to African American members, [ 2 ] but many State Nurses ...
Lydia went on to have many more careers, including becoming the first African American nursing supervisor at Jackson in 1965; the first African American nursing instructor at Miami-Dade Community ...