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Multiple-slit arrangements can be mathematically considered as multiple simple wave sources, if the slits are narrow enough. For light, a slit is an opening that is infinitely extended in one dimension, and this has the effect of reducing a wave problem in 3D-space to a simpler problem in 2D-space.
N-slit diffraction (N ≥ 2) d = centre-to-centre separation of slits; N = number of slits; Phase between N waves emerging from each slit
The N-slit interferometer is an extension of the double-slit interferometer also known as Young's double-slit interferometer. One of the first known uses of N-slit arrays in optics was illustrated by Newton. [1] In the first part of the twentieth century, Michelson [2] described various cases of N-slit diffraction.
Graph and image of single-slit diffraction. The width of the slit is W. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is shown in the image together with a plot of the intensity vs. angle θ. [10] The pattern has maximum intensity at θ = 0, and a series of peaks of decreasing intensity. Most of the diffracted light falls between the first minima.
Diffraction geometry, showing aperture (or diffracting object) plane and image plane, with coordinate system. If the aperture is in x ′ y ′ plane, with the origin in the aperture and is illuminated by a monochromatic wave, of wavelength λ, wavenumber k with complex amplitude A(x ′,y ′), and the diffracted wave is observed in the unprimed x,y-plane along the positive -axis, where l,m ...
A diffraction grating is a structure with a repeating pattern. A simple example is a metal plate with slits cut at regular intervals. A light wave that is incident on a grating is split into several waves; the direction of these diffracted waves is determined by the grating spacing and the wavelength of the light.
Diffraction patterns from multiple slits have envelopes determined by the single slit diffraction pattern. For a single slit the pattern is given by: [11] = () / () , where α is the diffraction angle, d is the slit width, and λ is the wavelength. For multiple slits, the pattern is [11]
The diffractive beam splitter [1] [2] (also known as multispot beam generator or array beam generator) is a single optical element that divides an input beam into multiple output beams. [3] Each output beam retains the same optical characteristics as the input beam, such as size, polarization and phase .