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Platelet donation therapy is frequently needed by cancer patients, because chemotherapy for such patients can render them unable to generate platelets of their own. The basic principles of automatic platelet apheresis are the same as in the manual procedure, but the whole procedure is performed by a computer-controlled machine. Since the donor ...
Platelet transfusions came into medical use in the 1950s and 1960s. [1] [5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [6] [7] Some versions of platelets have had the white blood cells partially removed or been gamma irradiated which have specific benefits for certain populations. [8]
Platelet transfusion is contraindicated in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), as it fuels the coagulopathy. Platelet transfusion is generally ineffective, and thus contraindicated, for prophylaxis in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), because the transfused platelets are immediately cleared; however, it is indicated to treat bleeding. [70]
This process is also used for exchange transfusion in severe malaria, or in sickle cell patients with specific indications such as acute chest syndrome or stroke. Thrombocytapheresis – removal of platelets in people with symptoms from extreme elevations in platelet count such as those with essential thrombocythemia or polycythemia vera.
Universal leukoreduction is currently not practiced in all countries. [citation needed]As of 2008, most developed nations have adopted universal leukoreduction of transfusions (defined as the routine application of this blood-processing step to all units of whole blood, red blood cells, and platelets prior to storage) with the notable exception of the United States. [8]
In medicine, photopheresis (aka extracorporeal photopheresis or ECP) [1] is a form of apheresis and photodynamic therapy in which blood is subject to apheresis to separate buffy coat (WBC + platelets) from whole blood, chemically treated with 8-methoxypsoralen (instilled into a collection bag or given per os in advance), exposed to ultraviolet light (UVA), and then returned to the patient. [2]
Prevention includes gamma irradiation of the lymphocyte-containing blood components such as red blood cells, platelets and granulocytes. Irradiated blood components should be issued in the following situations: [7] Intrauterine transfusions; Prematurity, low birthweight, or erythroblastosis fetalis in newborns; Congenital immunodeficiencies
Therefore, such patients may be issued irradiated blood components, including irradiated red blood cells. [39] [40] X-ray or gamma sources are usually used for irradiation. [40] When blood components are irradiated, the DNA is destroyed in any remaining white blood cells (leucocytes), which stops the leucocytes from being able to proliferate ...