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Synostosis (from Ancient Greek συν- (syn-) 'together' and ὀστέον (ostéon) 'bone'; plural: synostoses) is fusion of two or more bones. It can be normal in puberty (e.g. fusion of the epiphyseal plate to become the epiphyseal line), or abnormal. When synostosis is abnormal it is a type of dysostosis. Examples of synostoses include:
Gomphosis is the type of joint in which a conical peg fits into a socket, for example, the socket of a tooth. Normally, there is very little movement of the teeth in the mandible or maxilla. Synostosis is where two bones that are initially separated
A gomphosis, also known as a dentoalveolar syndesmosis, [11] or 'peg and socket joint' [12] is a joint that binds the teeth to bony teeth sockets in the maxillary bone and mandible. Gomphos is the Greek word for "bolt". The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal ligament. Specifically, the connection is made between ...
A syndesmosis (“fastened with a band”) is a type of fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united to each other by fibrous connective tissue. The gap between the bones may be narrow, with the bones joined by ligaments , or the gap may be wide and filled in by a broad sheet of connective tissue called an interosseous membrane . [ 1 ]
Sagittal synostosis is the most common phenotype, representing 40% to 55% of nonsyndromic cases, [3] whilst coronal synostosis represents between 20% and 25% of cases. [3] Metopic synostosis is a factor in 5% to 15% of cases, and lambdoid synostosis is seen in 0% to 5% of nonsyndromic cases. [3]
Tarsal coalition is an abnormal connecting bridge of tissue between two normally-separate tarsal (foot) bones, and is considered a sort of birth defect.The term 'coalition' means a coming together of two or more entities to merge into one mass (in the case of bones, see synostosis). [1]
An interosseous membrane is a thick dense fibrous sheet of connective tissue that spans the space between two bones, forming a type of syndesmosis joint. [1] Interosseous membranes in the human body: Interosseous membrane of forearm; Interosseous membrane of leg
A synchondrosis (or primary cartilaginous joint) is a type of cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones. [1] Synchondroses are different from symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joints), which are formed of fibrocartilage, and from synostosis (ossified junctions), which is the fusion of two or more bones.