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The role of the examining magistrate is important in civil-law jurisdictions such as France, which have an inquisitorial system.In contrast, common-law jurisdictions such as England and the United States have an adversarial system and lack a comparable official.
Notably, in 2002, there were 562 investigating magistrates in France, with some 60,000 investigations ongoing at any given moment, so caseloads were large and individual attention to each was difficult. [7] But, investigating judges "are seen as important, independent arbiters, examining the most sensitive and serious allegations."
The main feature of the inquisitorial system in criminal justice in France, and other countries functioning along the same lines, is the function of the examining or investigating judge (juge d'instruction), also called a magistrate judge. The examining judge conducts investigations into serious crimes or complex inquiries.
Marc Trévidic (born on 20 July 1965 in Bordeaux) is a French magistrate. From 2000 to 2015, he was an examining magistrate at the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, specializing in fighting terrorism.
The position of stipendiary magistrate in New Zealand was renamed in 1980 to that of district court judge. The position was often known simply as "magistrate" or with the postnominal initials "SM" in newspapers' court reports. In the late 1990s, a position of community magistrate was created for District Courts on a trial basis. A community ...
The building of the Court of Cassation. The prosecution, or parquet général, is headed by the Chief Prosecutor (procureur général). [c] The Chief Prosecutor is a judicial officer, but does not prosecute cases; instead, his function is to advise the Court on how to proceed, analogous to the Commissioner-in-Council's [d] role within the Conseil d'État (lit.
The 2001 Loi d'orientation sur les lois de finances (LOLF, law fixing the framework for budget acts) changed the way budget was passed in France: now, budget is attributed to specific missions, and the efficiency of spending on each mission is to be assessed. In that context, the court's missions will include an increased dose of assessment of ...
The name "standing magistracy" ("magistrature debout"), comes from the fact that ministère public magistrates formerly stood to speak, notably when prenant les réquisitions, asking for a sentence, unlike the magistrats du siège, seated magistrates, who remained seated for the entire hearing.