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The most common form of the fallacy is the use of anecdotes to create a fallacy of Hasty Generalization. Language surrounding the fallacy must indicate a logical conclusion, and includes absolute statements such as "every", "all", and so forth. However, other forms of the fallacy exist.
Hasty generalization is the fallacy of examining just one or very few examples or studying a single case and generalizing that to be representative of the whole class of objects or phenomena. The opposite, slothful induction , is the fallacy of denying the logical conclusion of an inductive argument, dismissing an effect as "just a coincidence ...
1 Example. 2 Related fallacies. 3 External links. 4 References. Toggle the table of contents. ... The fallacy of converse accident is a form of hasty generalization.
Hasty generalization (fallacy of insufficient statistics, fallacy of insufficient sample, fallacy of the lonely fact, hasty induction, secundum quid, converse accident, jumping to conclusions) – basing a broad conclusion on a small or unrepresentative sample. [55]
Generalizing quickly and sloppily (hasty generalization) (secundum quid) Using an argument's connections to other concepts or people to support or refute it, also called "guilt by association" (association fallacy) Claiming that a lack of proof counts as proof (appeal to ignorance) In humor, errors of reasoning are used for comical purposes.
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which broad generalizations or principles are derived from a set of observations. [1] [2] Unlike deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion is certain, given the premises are correct, inductive reasoning produces conclusions that are at best probable, given the evidence provided.
If an anecdote illustrates a desired conclusion rather than a logical conclusion, it is considered a faulty or hasty generalization. [ 27 ] In any case where some factor affects the probability of an outcome, rather than uniquely determining it, selected individual cases prove nothing; e.g. "my grandfather smoked two packs a day until he died ...
An argument by example (also known as argument from example) is an argument in which a claim is supported by providing examples. Most conclusions drawn in surveys and carefully controlled experiments are arguments by example and generalization.