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Thermodynamics had been a subject dear to Carathéodory since his time in Belgium. [19] In 1909, he published a pioneering work "Investigations on the Foundations of Thermodynamics" [20] in which he formulated the second law of thermodynamics axiomatically, that is, without the use of Carnot engines and refrigerators and only by mathematical ...
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, ... Constantin Carathéodory presented a purely mathematical approach in an axiomatic formulation, ...
The concept was coined by Constantin Carathéodory [1] in 1909 ("adiabatische Erreichbarkeit") and taken up 90 years later by Elliott Lieb and J. Yngvason in their axiomatic approach to the foundations of thermodynamics. [2] [3] It was also used by R. Giles in his 1964 monograph. [4]
1874 – Thomson formally states the second law of thermodynamics; 1876 – Josiah Willard Gibbs publishes the first of two papers (the second appears in 1878) which discuss phase equilibria, statistical ensembles, the free energy as the driving force behind chemical reactions, and chemical thermodynamics in general. [citation needed]
The second law of thermodynamics may be expressed in many specific ways, [23] the most prominent classical statements [24] being the statement by Rudolf Clausius (1854), the statement by Lord Kelvin (1851), and the statement in axiomatic thermodynamics by Constantin Carathéodory (1909). These statements cast the law in general physical terms ...
Constantin Carathéodory (1873–1950) - Mathematician who pioneered the Axiomatic Formulation of Thermodynamics. [14] Demetrios Christodoulou (born 1951) - Mathematician-physicist who has contributed in the field of general relativity. [15] Constantine Dafermos (born 1941) - Usually notable for hyperbolic conservation laws and control theory. [16]
The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes.The law distinguishes two principal forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work, that modify a thermodynamic system containing a constant amount of matter.
The zeroth law of thermodynamics is one of the four principal laws of thermodynamics. It provides an independent definition of temperature without reference to entropy, which is defined in the second law. The law was established by Ralph H. Fowler in the 1930s, long after the first, second, and third laws had been widely recognized.