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Darkroom manipulation is a traditional method of manipulating photographs without the use of computers. Some of the common techniques for darkroom manipulation are dodging, burning, and masking, which though similar conceptually to digital manipulations, involve physical rather than virtual techniques.
One way to brighten shadows in image editing software such as GIMP or Adobe Photoshop is to duplicate the background layer, invert the copy and set the blend modes of that top layer to "Soft Light". You can also use an inverted black and white copy of the image as a mask on a brightening layer, such as Curves or Levels.
A clipping path (or "deep etch" [1]) is a closed vector path, or shape, used to cut out a 2D image in image editing software. Anything inside the path will be included after the clipping path is applied; anything outside the path will be omitted from the output.
Unsharp masking applied to lower part of image. Unsharp masking (USM) is an image sharpening technique, first implemented in darkroom photography, but now commonly used in digital image processing software. Its name derives from the fact that the technique uses a blurred, or "unsharp", negative image to create a mask of the original image. The ...
Layers were introduced in Western markets by Fauve Matisse (later Macromedia xRes), [2] [better source needed] and then available in Adobe Photoshop 3.0, in 1994, which lead to wide-spread adoption. In vector image editors that support animation, layers are used to further enable manipulation along a common timeline for the animation; in SVG ...
In image processing, a kernel, convolution matrix, or mask is a small matrix used for blurring, sharpening, embossing, edge detection, and more. This is accomplished by doing a convolution between the kernel and an image. Or more simply, when each pixel in the output image is a function of the nearby pixels (including itself) in the input image ...
So it involves a large amount of calculation when either the image size or the emboss filter mask dimension is large. The emboss filter repeats the calculation as encoded in the filter matrix for every pixel in the image; the procedure itself compares the neighboring pixels on the image, leaving a mark where a sharp change in pixel value is ...
The Photoshop and illusions.hu flavors also produce the same result when the top layer is pure white (the differences between these two are in how one interpolates between these 3 results). These three results coincide with gamma correction of the bottom layer with γ=2 (for top black), unchanged bottom layer (or, what is the same, γ=1; for ...