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The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1949, [2] is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to that of a human. In the test, a human evaluator judges a text transcript of a natural-language conversation between a human and a machine. The evaluator tries to identify the machine ...
During this time, he continued to do more abstract work in mathematics, [139] and in "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" (Mind, October 1950), Turing addressed the problem of artificial intelligence, and proposed an experiment that became known as the Turing test, an attempt to define a standard for a machine to be called "intelligent".
It was a common topic among the members of the Ratio Club, an informal group of British cybernetics and electronics researchers that included Alan Turing. Turing, in particular, had been running the notion of machine intelligence since at least 1941 and one of the earliest-known mentions of "computer intelligence" was made by him in 1947. [6]
The Chinese room implements a version of the Turing test. [49] Alan Turing introduced the test in 1950 to help answer the question "can machines think?" In the standard version, a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with a human and a machine designed to generate performance indistinguishable from that of a human being.
Robin Gandy (1919–1995)—a student of Alan Turing (1912–1954), and his lifelong friend—traces the lineage of the notion of "calculating machine" back to Charles Babbage (circa 1834) and actually proposes "Babbage's Thesis": That the whole of development and operations of analysis are now capable of being executed by machinery.
In 1936 Alan Turing and Alonzo Church independently, and also together, introduced the formalization of an algorithm, with limits on what can be computed, and a "purely mechanical" model for computing. [51] This became the Church–Turing thesis, a hypothesis about the nature of mechanical calculation devices, such as electronic computers. The ...
The first rigorous and general derivation of the quantum Zeno effect was presented in 1974 by Antonio Degasperis, Luciano Fonda, and Giancarlo Ghirardi, [5] although it had previously been described by Alan Turing. [6] The comparison with Zeno's paradox is due to a 1977 article by Baidyanath Misra & E. C. George Sudarshan.
Turing's Learning Machine: Alan Turing proposes a 'learning machine' that could learn and become artificially intelligent. Turing's specific proposal foreshadows genetic algorithms. [13] 1951: First Neural Network Machine: Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds build the first neural network machine, able to learn, the SNARC. [14] 1952: Machines ...