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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an autoimmune disorder which occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst , leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in circulation . The lifetime of the RBCs is reduced from the normal 100–120 days to just a few days in ...
The most common antibody isotype involved in warm antibody AIHA is IgG, though sometimes IgA is found. The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their F C portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28–31 °C).
Immune-mediated causes could include transient factors as in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (cold agglutinin disease) [14] or permanent factors as in autoimmune diseases like autoimmune hemolytic anemia [15] (itself more common in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic ...
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: D59.0-D59.1: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a type of hemolytic anemia where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells (RBCs), leading to their destruction . [28] [29] Types of AIHA include warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinin disease, and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.
Acquired hemolytic anemia can be divided into immune and non-immune mediated forms of hemolytic anemia. [1] Classification. Immune. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia [1]
[1] [2] These immune cytopenias may occur simultaneously or sequentially. [1] [3] Its overall phenotype resembles a combination of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. [1] [4] [5] Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition in which the red blood cells that normally carry oxygen are destroyed by an autoimmune process ...
AIHA can be classified as warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia or cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which includes cold agglutinin disease and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. These classifications are based on the characteristics of the autoantibodies involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of high concentrations of circulating cold sensitive antibodies, usually IgM and autoantibodies that are also active at temperatures below 30 °C (86 °F), [1] directed against red blood cells, causing them to agglutinate and undergo lysis. [2]