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In women, low levels of estrogen may cause symptoms such as hot flashes, sleeping disturbances, decreased bone health, [3] and changes in the genitourinary system. Hypoestrogenism is most commonly found in women who are postmenopausal , have primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), or are presenting with amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods ).
Androgen deficiency most commonly affects women, and is also called Female androgen insufficiency syndrome (FAIS), although it can happen in both sexes. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Androgenic activity is mediated by androgens (a class of steroid hormones with varying affinities for the androgen receptor ), and is dependent on various factors including androgen ...
As low oestrogen [3] may also be considered a source for urethral syndrome, hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptive pill (birth-control pills) containing oestrogen are also used to treat the symptoms of this condition in women. [4]
Hyperandrogenism affects 5–10% of women of reproductive age. [11] Hyperandrogenism can affect both men and women but is more noticeable in women since elevated levels of androgens in women may facilitate virilization. Because hyperandrogenism is characterized by elevated male sex hormone levels, symptoms of hyperandrogenism in men are often ...
Relative energy deficiency in sport, also known as the female athlete triad, is when a woman experiences amenorrhoea, disordered eating, and osteoporosis. [37] Energy imbalance and weight loss can disrupt menstrual cycles through several hormonal mechanisms. [38]
Estrogen levels were dramatically and persistently elevated (estradiol levels were 2,340 pg/mL, regarded as being about 10 times the normal level, and ranged from 750 to 3,500 pg/mL), gonadotropin levels were mildly elevated (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were 6.7–19.1 mIU/mL and 5.8–13.2 mIU/mL, respectively ...
Compared to non-exercising women, whose rate of amenorrhea is 2-5%, the rate of amenorrhea in competitive and recreational athletes ranges from 2-46%; it is also common for women with highly active jobs who do not engage in exercise to also have menstrual dysfunction. [10] FHA in female athletes is commonly part of the female athlete triad ...
Galactorrhea may also be caused by hormonal imbalances owing to birth control pills. Galactorrhea is also a side effect associated with the use of the second-generation H 2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (Tagamet). Galactorrhea can also be caused by antipsychotics that cause hyperprolactinemia by blocking dopamine receptors responsible for ...