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A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil (after Robert Marcus Gunn), is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test [1] whereupon the patient's pupils excessively dilate when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye. The affected eye still senses the light and ...
When the optic nerve is damaged, the sensory (afferent) stimulus sent to the midbrain is reduced. The pupil, responding less vigorously, dilates from its prior constricted state when the light is moved away from the unaffected eye and towards the affected eye. This response is a relative afferent pupillary defect (or Marcus Gunn pupil). [1]
The optic tract syndrome is characterized by a contralateral, incongruous homonymous hemianopia, contralateral relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), and optic atrophy due to retrograde axonal degeneration. [16] Causes of optic tract lesions are also classified into intrinsic and extrinsic forms.
Relative afferent pupillary defect OD Right eye (oculus dexter) Ret. Retinoscopy RHyperT Right hypertropia RHypoT or RHT Right hypotropia RNFL Retinal nerve fibre layer RPE Retinal pigment epithelium RSOT Right esotropia Rx Prescription SE Spherical Equivalent: SLE Slit lamp examination SLM Slit lamp microscope EP Esophoria: ET Esotropia: Supp.
A swinging-flashlight test may also be desirable if neurologic damage is suspected. The swinging-flashlight test is the most useful clinical test available to a general physician for the assessment of optic nerve anomalies. This test detects the afferent pupil defect, also referred to as the Marcus Gunn pupil. It is conducted in a semidarkened ...
However, if the eyes are asymmetrically affected, i.e. one eye's optic nerve is more damaged than the other, it will produce an important sign called an afferent pupillary defect. [citation needed] Defective light perception in one eye causes an asymmetrical pupillary constriction reflex called the afferent pupillary defect (APD). [citation needed]
Instead of being able to calmly focus on her chemotherapy treatment, Arete Tsoukalas had to spend hours on the phone arguing with her insurer while receiving infusions in the hospital.
Patients can have an associated relative afferent pupillary defect. [5] CRION is associated with at least one relapse, and up to 18 relapses have been reported in an individual. [6] Intervals between episodes can range from days to over a decade. [1]