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Microcephaly (from Neo-Latin microcephalia, from Ancient Greek μικρός mikrós "small" and κεφαλή kephalé "head" [2]) is a medical condition involving a smaller-than-normal head. [3] Microcephaly may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. [3]
defects of genes on chromosome 3 and 18. Seckel syndrome , or microcephalic primordial dwarfism (also known as bird-headed dwarfism , Harper's syndrome , Virchow–Seckel dwarfism and bird-headed dwarf of Seckel [ 1 ] ) is an extremely rare congenital nanosomic disorder.
Microcephaly can be primary, where the brain fails to develop properly during pregnancy, or secondary, where the brain is normal sized at birth but fails to grow as the child ages. [2] Abnormalities will be observed progressively after birth whereby the child will display stunted growth and physical and cognitive development.
About one third of children whose mothers are taking this drug during pregnancy typically have intrauterine growth restriction with a small head and develop minor dysmorphic craniofacial features (microcephaly and intellectual disability) and limb defects including hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges (birth defects).
10q26 deletion is an extremely rare genetic syndrome caused by terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 at 10q26. [1] It is usually a de novo mutation.Symptoms can include "growth and mental retardation, microcephaly, triangular face, strabismus, hypertelorism, prominent nasal bridge, beaked or prominent nose, low-set dysplastic ears, various congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism ...
A number of defects can be detected before birth by different prenatal tests. [10] Treatment varies depending on the defect in question. [7] This may include therapy, medication, surgery, or assistive technology. [7] Birth defects affected about 96 million people as of 2015. [11] In the United States, they occur in about 3% of newborns. [8]
The full range of birth defects caused by infection during pregnancy is not known, but they appear to be common, with large scale abnormalities seen in up to 42% of live births. [25] [26] The most common observed associations have been abnormalities with brain and eye development such as microcephaly and chorioretinal scarring. [27]
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia