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August 22 — Battle of Taku Forts (1860), British and French forces capture Taku forts in north China. September 22 — The Xianfeng emperor abandons the capital. October 13 — British and French troops occupy Beijing.
Second China War Medal, with Taku Forts 1860 bar. French medal of the China Campaign ("Médaille de la Campagne de Chine"), 1861, in the Musée de la Légion d'Honneur. The Chinese characters inscribed on the ribbons read 'Beijing'. Both Britain (Second China War Medal) and France (Commemorative medal of the 1860 China Expedition) issued ...
On 18 October 1860, at the culmination of the Second Opium War, the British and French troops entered the Forbidden City in Peking.Following the decisive defeat of the Chinese, Prince Gong was compelled to sign two treaties on behalf of the Qing government with Lord Elgin and Baron Gros, who represented Britain and France respectively. [1]
Between 1858 and 1860, the Russian Empire annexed territories adjoining the Amur River belonging to the Chinese Qing dynasty through the imposition of unequal treaties.The 1858 Treaty of Aigun, signed by the general Nikolay Muravyov representing the Russian Empire and the official Yishan representing Qing China, ceded Priamurye—a territory stretching from the Amur River north to the Stanovoy ...
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a civil war in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The conflict lasted 14 years, from its outbreak in 1850 until the fall of Taiping-controlled Nanjing —which they had renamed Tianjing "heavenly capital ...
Second Opium War: The Qing dynasty signed the Treaty of Tientsin, under which foreigners were granted greater freedom of movement within China and France and the United Kingdom were promised war reparations. 18 November: Battle of Sanhe: A Taiping army encircled and destroyed a much smaller Qing force in Anhui. 1860: 18 October
Third Battle of Taku Forts (1860): The British and French defeated the Qing. Battle of Palikao (1860): The British and French defeated the Qing. 1856–1873: Panthay Rebellion: The Qing and Hui loyalists suppressed a revolt by the Hui people and other ethnic minorities in Yunnan. 1862–1877: Dungan revolt
In February 1860, the British and French imperialist authorities again appointed Elgin and Grotto as plenipotentiaries respectively, leading more than 15,000 British troops and about 7,000 French troops to expand the war against China. The British and French forces invaded Beijing, and the Qing emperor fled to Chengde.