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During colonial times, English speech regulations were rather restrictive.The English criminal common law of seditious libel made criticizing the government a crime. Lord Chief Justice John Holt, writing in 1704–1705, explained the rationale for the prohibition: "For it is very necessary for all governments that the people should have a good opinion of it."
Cases pertaining to whether or not extending protections to speech constitutes government endorsement of speech. Pleasant Grove City v. Summum, 555 U.S. 460 (2009) Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans (2015) Matal v. Tam (2017) Iancu v. Brunetti (2019) Shurtleff v. City of Boston, No. 20-1800, 596 U.S. ___ (2022)
Freedom of speech and expression has a long history that predates modern international human rights instruments. [4] It is thought that the ancient Athenian democratic principle of free speech may have emerged in the late 6th or early 5th century BC. [5] Freedom of speech was vindicated by Erasmus and Milton. [4]
The First Amendment restricts Congress from hindering “the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress ...
Apr. 9—CONCORD — The chief author of bipartisan legislation (HB 1305) to adopt a freedom of speech policy on public higher education campuses urged a state Senate panel to reject any further ...
"Support for freedom of speech is declining dangerously," he added, especially on college campuses, where the exchange of ideas should be most protected. "Very few colleges live up to that ideal.
The First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech applies to students in the public schools. In the landmark decision Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, the U.S. Supreme Court formally recognized that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate". [1]
Under apartheid, freedom of speech was curtailed under apartheid legislation such as the Native Administration Act 1927 and the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. [3] In light of South Africa's racial and discriminatory history, particularly the Apartheid era, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 precludes expression that is tantamount to the advocacy of hatred based on ...