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2. Classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_school_(criminology)

   In criminology, the classical school usually refers to the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment by the utilitarian and social-contract philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and indirectly through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal," in the causes ...

3. Criminology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminology

   Both the positivist and classical schools take a consensus view of crime: that a crime is an act that violates the basic values and beliefs of society. Those values and beliefs are manifested as laws that society agrees upon. However, there are two types of laws: Natural laws are rooted in core values shared by many cultures.

4. Cesare Beccaria - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria

   He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the classical school of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice. [3] [4] [5]

5. Neo-classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-classical_school...

   In criminology, the Neo-Classical School continues the traditions of the Classical School [further explanation needed] the framework of Right Realism.Hence, the utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria remains a relevant social philosophy in policy term for using punishment as a deterrent through law enforcement, the courts, and imprisonment.

6. Positivist school (criminology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/.../Positivist_school_(criminology)

   The Positivist School was founded by Cesare Lombroso and led by two others: Enrico Ferri and Raffaele Garofalo.In criminology, it has attempted to find scientific objectivity for the measurement and quantification of criminal behavior.

7. Classical school - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_school

   Classical school (criminology), a school of thought in criminology Classical economics New classical macroeconomics , which emerged in the 1970s as a response to the failure of Keynesian economics