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atomic model, in physics, a model used to describe the structure and makeup of an atom. Atomic models have gone through many changes over time, evolving as necessary to fit experimental data. For a more in-depth discussion of the history of atomic models, see atom: development of atomic theory.
Rutherford model, description of the structure of atoms proposed (1911) by the New Zealand-born physicist Ernest Rutherford. The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, around which the light, negative constituents, called electrons, circulate at some distance.
This graphic takes a look at the key models proposed for the atom, and how they changed over time. Though our graphic starts in the 1800s, the idea of atoms was around long before. In fact, we have to go all the way back to Ancient Greece to find its genesis.
Bohr model, description of the structure of atoms proposed in 1913 by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr. The Bohr model of the atom, a radical departure from earlier, classical descriptions, was the first that incorporated quantum theory and was the predecessor of wholly quantum-mechanical models.
An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element. Atoms are made of fundamental particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons clump together to form a central nucleus. The electrons move in a cloud-like region around the nucleus.
Describe Rutherford’s experiment and his model of the atom; Describe emission and absorption spectra of atoms; Describe the Bohr model of the atom; Calculate the energy of electrons when they change energy levels; Calculate the frequency and wavelength of emitted photons when electrons change energy levels; Describe the quantum model of the atom
Learn about the basic model and properties of atoms, including the parts of an atom and their charge.